ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#The study explores the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at the governing vessel (GV) on proteomic changes in the hippocampus of rats with cognitive impairment.@*METHODS@#Healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, model and EA. Cognitive impairment was induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion in the model and EA groups. Rats in the EA group were treated with EA at Shenting (GV24) and Baihui (GV20) for 7 d. Neurological deficit was scored using the Longa scale, the learning and memory ability was detected using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and the proteomic profiling in the hippocampus was analyzed using protein-labeling technology based on the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). The Western blot (WB) analysis was used to detect the proteins and validate the results of iTRAQ.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit score was significantly reduced, and the escape latency in the MWM test was significantly shortened, while the number of platform crossings increased in the EA group. A total of 2872 proteins were identified by iTRAQ. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between different groups: 92 proteins were upregulated and 103 were downregulated in the model group compared with the sham group, while 142 proteins were upregulated and 126 were downregulated in the EA group compared with the model group. Most of the DEPs were involved in oxidative phosphorylation, glycolipid metabolism and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, we also verified 4 DEPs using WB technology. Although the WB results were not exactly the same as the iTRAQ results, the expression trends of the DEPs were consistent. The upregulation of heat-shock protein β1 (Hspb1) was the highest in the EA group compared to the model group.@*CONCLUSION@#EA can effect proteomic changes in the hippocampus of rats with cognitive impairment. Hspb1 may be involved in the molecular mechanism by which acupuncture improves cognitive impairment.
Subject(s)
Rats , Male , Animals , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Electroacupuncture , Proteomics , Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy , HippocampusABSTRACT
With the expansion of mpox virus infection from endemic to a global epidemic in 2022, the WHO declared that the mpox event constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the high degree of gene sequence similarity among orthopox viruses and cross-reactive antibodies induced by orthoviruses, smallpox vaccination may affect the immune response induced by mpox virus infection. The analysis of the protective effects of smallpox vaccination against mpox virus infection will help define the focus of prevention and control. In this review, we clarify the protection of the smallpox vaccine against mpox virus infection by analyzing the correlation between smallpox vaccination, immune response status, and clinical data and providing evidence for the prevention, control, and strategies of mpox epidemics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Smallpox/epidemiology , Monkeypox/drug therapy , Smallpox Vaccine/therapeutic use , Vaccination , ImmunityABSTRACT
@#Objective （ ） To explore the feasibility of using generalized estimating equation GEE to analyze the influencing - （ ） factors of high frequency hearing loss HFHL among noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing enterprise. Methods - The noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry who had been tested for pure tone hearing threshold twice or more from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Data ， ， ， ， ， （ ） such as age length of service gender smoking alcohol consumption body mass index BMI and HFHL were collected. The Results influencing factors of HFHL were analyzed using the GEE. The detection rates of HFHL from 2015 to 2019 were ， ， ， ， ， 22.2% 23.8% 24.2% 24.1% and 20.9% respectively. Among them the detection rate of HFHL in 2019 was lower than that （ P ） ， ， in 2017 and 2018 all <0.001 . The GEE analysis results showed that the risks of HFHL in 2015 2016 2017 and 2018 were （ P ）， higher than that in 2019 all <0.01 regardless of interaction effects and after adjusting for confounding factors such as ， ［OR（ CI）］ （ - duration of noise exposure smoking and BMI. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 95% were 1.19 1.07 ）， （ - ）， （ - ） （ - ）， 1.33 1.26 1.13 1.39 1.30 1.18 1.43 and 1.27 1.15 1.39 respectively. The risk of HFHL was higher in males than in （P ）， OR（ CI） （ - ） ， （P ）， OR females <0.01 and 95% was 3.78 3.00 4.77 . The older the age the higher the risk of HFHL <0.01 and （ CI） （ - ） Conclusion - 95% was 1.07 1.05 1.09 . The influencing factors of HFHL among noise exposed workers in the air conditioner industry are age and gender. GEE can be used to analyze the factors influencing the longitudinal data of HFHL in workers with noise exposure.
ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder (OAB) is the most bothersome symptom in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Current pharmacologic treatment aims to inhibit detrusor contraction; however, shows unsatisfied efficacy and high discontinuation rate. LIM kinases (LIMKs) promote smooth muscle contraction in the prostate; however, their function in the bladder smooth muscle remains unclear. Here, we studied effects of the LIMK inhibitors on bladder smooth muscle contraction and proliferation both
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of endogenous neurotrophic factor (ENTFs) on nerve regeneration after cryopreserved sciatic nerve allograft in rats. Methods:The 15-mm sciatic nerves from female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in DMEM solution and pretreated in vitro for 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2 (groups A, B, C, D and E) respectively. Fresh nerve group (group F) was set up. The protein expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II was detected by Western blotting. The above six groups were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for four weeks. The living cells and dead cells of the nerves after cryopreservation were observed by Calcein-AM/propidium iodide staining. In addition, the above six cryopreserved groups and another fresh nerve group (group G) were transplanted to the Wistar rats by allografting (groups A', B', C', D', E', F' and G'). Isograft group (group H') was set up. One week after transplantation, the expression of CD8+ T cells and macrophages of the graft were observed by immunofluorescence staining, and the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by ELISA. Twenty weeks after transplantation, the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were examined by electrophysiology. The wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle was calculated by the operational side compared with the contralateral side. The expression of neurofilament protein (NF) 200 of the transplanted nerves was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The number of myelinated nerve fibers was analyzed by toluidine blue staining. The thickness of myelinated was analyzed by electron microscopy. Results:Compared with group F, the protein expression of GDNF and NGF increased in groups C, D and E (P < 0.05); the protein expression of Bcl-2 reduced and the protein expression of Bax and Caspase-3 increased in groups B, C, D, and E (P < 0.05); the protein expression of MHC-I and MHC-II decreased in all the pretreated groups (P < 0.05). Four weeks after cryopreservation, compared with groups F and G, the number of living cells decreased in groups C, D and E. One week after transplantation, compared with groups F' and G', the expression of CD8+ T cells and macrophages decreased, and the plasma concentration of IL-2 and TNF-α decreased in groups C', D' and E' (P<0.05). Twenty weeks after transplantation, CMAP, NCV, the wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle, the number of axon and thickness of myelin sheath were better in groups C', D' and E' than in groups F' and G' (P<0.05), as well as the expression of NF200. Conclusion:ENTFs can be induced by pretreating the sciatic nerve in vitro. Cryopreserved sciatic nerve with high expression of ENTFs could promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery after allograft.
ABSTRACT
Objective::To observe the effect and mechanism of modified Si Junzitang combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion on interleukin-17(IL-17), interleukin-22(IL-22), interleukin-1α(IL-1α) and serum cystatin C(Cys-C )in serum and exhale breath condensate(EBC) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable stage(COPD, Qi deficiency of lung and spleen). Method::Totally 120 cases of COPD(Qi deficiency of lung and spleen) treated in pulmonary department and thermal moxibustion department of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of traditional Chinese medicine from January 2019 to June 2019 were included and randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine group, heat-sensitive moxibustion group and control group. The patients in traditional Chinese medicine group were treated with Si Junzitang, the patients in heat-sensitive Moxibustion group were treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion in addition to traditional Chinese medicine group, and the patients in control group were treated with placebo. All of the 3 groups were treated with oxygen and bronchodilator according to the guidelines. All groups received 3 consecutive courses of treatment, 20 days per course. After 3 courses of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the three groups, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the forced expiratory volume in the estimated value in one second (FEV1%), the forced vital capacity (FVC), and IL-17, IL-22, IL-1α in serum and exhale breath condensate (EBC) were measured. Result::There were no statistically significant difference in general clinical data, lung function levels (FEV1, FEV1%, FVC), serum and EBC levels of IL-17, IL-22, IL-1α and Cys-C in the first three groups. The total clinical effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine group was better than the control group (P<0.05), the heat-sensitive moxibustion group was better than the traditional Chinese medicine group (P<0.05) and significantly better than the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the patients before treatment, the level of lung function was improved, while IL-17, IL-22, IL-1α and Cys-C in serum and EBC were reduced(P<0.05). The traditional Chinese medicine group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.05), the heat-sensitive moxibustion group was superior to that in the traditional Chinese medicine group (P<0.05) and significantly superior to that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion::Modified Si Junzitang combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion has an anti-inflammatory effect on COPD by stimulating bullishness of human body, improving body immunity, inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, reducing levels of inflammation cytokines IL-17, IL-22, IL-1α, and chronic inflammation markers serum Cys-C and inflammatory reaction, increasing the lung capacity, improving ventilation function and pulmonary function, so as to effectively relieve chest tightness asthma and other symptoms in COPD patients, and improve the clinical efficacy.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the linear pharmacokinetics characteristics of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) in rats at different doses. METHODS: Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. HSYA was administered intragastrically at doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg•kg-1 respectively. The blood samples were collected from rat fundus venous plexus at preset time points. The blood concentration of HSYA was determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of HSYA in rats were analyzed by descriptive method and confidence interval method. RESULTS: There were no dose dependence of non-atrioventricular and atrioventricular pharmacokinetic parameters clearance (CL), which were about 6 L•h-1•kg-1. The area under concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration (ρmax) were correlated with the dosage of HSYA. CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC of HSYA in the dose range of 30-120 mg•kg-1 have linear kinetic characteristics.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the effect and mechanism of modified Buzhong Yiqi Tang and pursed-lips breathing (PLB) on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β and serum cystatin C (Cys-C) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the stable stage. Method: Totally 120 cases of COPD treated at Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to March 2018 conformed to the inclusion criteria, and were randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases). Cases of control group received Tiotropium (18 μg/time, qd). In addition to the therapy of control group, cases of treatment group were also given Buzhong Yiqi Tang and PLB. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Percent of forced expiratory volume in one second in predicted value (FEV1%), ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), six-minute walk distance (6MWD),TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and Cys-C were compared between both groups. Result: After treatment, the clinical efficacy rate of observation group was 93.33%, which was evidently higher than 86.67%of control group (Pa,IL-8, IL-6,IL-1β, Cys-C but increases in FEV1%, FEV1/FVC (Pa, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, Cys-C but increases in FEV1%, FEV1/FVC (PConclusion: Buzhong Yiqi Tang and PLB has an anti-inflammatory effect on COPD by reducing levels of inflammation cytokines TNF-α, IL-8,IL-6, IL-1β and chronic inflammation markers serum Cys-C and inflammatory reaction, and alleviating airflow obstruction, promoting the levels of FEV1%, FEV1/FVC, pulmonary function control inflammatory factors, so as to improve pulmonary function and the quality of life in patients with COPD.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effecr of siRNA-interfering β-catenin expression on drug-resistance of multiple myeloma cells.@*METHODS@#The multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 was cultured in vitro. The maphalan-resistant cell model was established by concentration gradient ascending of durg, then the drug-resistant cell line was instantaneously transfected with β-catenin siRNA, the sensitivity of RPMI 8226 cells to maphalan was detected by CCK-8 meltod before and after the transfection with siRNA; the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot respectively, the apoptosis of cells was detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#IC of maphalan decreased from (5.29±0.19) μmol/L to (1.88±0.64) μmol/L, suggesting that the deplation of β-eatenin restored the sensitivity of drug-resistant cell line RPMI-8226 to malphalan. The Western blot showed that after the instaintaneous transfection with β-catenin siRNA, the β-catenin protein expression level obviously decreased, compared with level before transfection. After transfection, the maplalan-inducing apoptosis rate of cells increased from (35±0.5)% to (54±0.4)%, suggesting that the β-catinin gene may correlated with drug-resistance of cells. Interfering the expression of β-catenin gene could enhance the sensitivity of drug-resistant RPMI-8226 cells to maphalan.@*CONCLUSION@#The β-catenin siRNA interfereuce can inhisit the β-catenin gene expression in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suppress the cell proliferation, enhence the toxicity of maphalan on drug-resistant RPMI-8226 cells, thus result in increase of cell apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Multiple Myeloma , RNA, Small Interfering , beta Catenin , GeneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Bushen Yanggu Decoction (BYD) on drug resistance and proliferation of human multiple myeloma-resistant KM3/BTZ cells.@*METHODS@#Human multidrug-resistant KM3/BTZ cells were established by Bortezomib (BTZ) gradient induction. The effects of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and serum containing Bushen Yanggu Decoction (BYD) on the proliferation of KM3 cells and KM3/BTZ cells were detected by MTT assay. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Par-4, HSP27 and P-gp genes. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.@*RESULTS@#The established KM3/BTZ cells could produce varying degree of resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. Among them, the highest resistance index (RI) to BTZ was 20.269. MTT assay showed that the proliferation of KM3/BTZ cells treated with serum containing Bushen Yanggu Decoction was inhibited, and the inhibitory effect increased with the serum concentration incranse of Bushen Yanggu Decoction. The serum containing Bushen Yanggu Decoction could inhibit the proliferation of KM3/BTZ cells, and induce apoptosis, significantly reduce the drug-resistance of KM3/BTZ cells, up-regulate the expression of Par-4, down-regulate the expression of HSP27 and P-gp.@*CONCLUSION@#Bushen Yanggu Decoction can effectively inhibit the proliferation of KM3/BTZ cells and induce apoptosis. Bushen Yanggu Decoction can effectively reverse the multidrug-resistance of KM3/BTZ cells. The mechanism may be related with the decrease of expression of HSP27 and P-gp and the increase of expression of Par-4.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Bortezomib , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Multiple MyelomaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the specificity of the relevant points along the governor vessel in chronic gastritis through the synchronous observation of the tenderness reaction and tenderness threshold on the back along the governor vessel in the volunteers with chronic gastritis and make the comparison with healthy volunteers.@*METHODS@#A chronic gastritis group and a healthy volunteer group were prepared, 30 cases in each one. Using synchronous comparison, the tenderness reaction at the point inferior to each of the spinous processes from T to L along the governor vessel was observed. The mechanical pressure pain threshold was determined.@*RESULTS@#Regarding the tenderness reaction at the point inferior to each spinous process on the back along the governor vessel, the occurrence rate was different significantly between the chronic gastritis group and the healthy volunteer group (0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The point inferior to the spoinous process of T on the governor vessel, Shendao (GV 11, T) and Lingtai (GV 10, T) are the points with the high specificity in chronic gastritis, which provides the reference to clinical treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion. The occurrence rate of high tenderness reaction and the low tenderness threshold may be the important manifestation of the point specificity on the back along the governor vessel in chronic gastritis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Gastritis , Therapeutics , Moxibustion , Pressure , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
This paper was aimed to investigate the effects of emodin on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats with acute spinal cord injury（SCI）, and to explore the protective mechanism of emodin on neurons after SCI. Rat SCI models were established using a modified Allen's method. One hundred and ninety five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divded into sham (group A), model (group B), emodin group of 20 mg·kg⁻¹(group C), emodin group of 40 mg·kg⁻¹(group D), emodin group of 80 mg·kg⁻¹(group E). Functional recovery was evaluated using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale and inclined plate test on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day. On the 7th day after SCI, neuron nylon body was observed with toluidine blue staining. The changes of myelinated nerve fibers were observed by transmission electron microscope. Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GFAP, NF-κB protein were detected by Western blot. The content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the expression of the GFAP, NG2 and ED-1. The BBB and inclined plate scores of group C, D and E were higher than group B on the 7th, 14th, 28th day,the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). On the 7th day, Nylon Body of group B and C started to fuse,the fusion of group D and E were significantly alleviated than group B and C. Transmission electron microscope showed that the changes of demyelination were obvious in group B and C, group D and E were significantly improved than group B and C. Western blot showed that Nrf2, HO-1, GFAP, NF-κB protein expression,group C, D, E compared with group B, NQO1 protein expression, group D, E compared with group B, the difference was statistically significant (<0.05). ELISA showed that the content of TNF-α, IL-6,group C, D, E compared with group B,the content of IL-1β,group D, E compared with group B, the difference was statistically significant (<0.05)；Immunofluorescence showed that the expressions of GFAP and NG2 in group C, D and E were higher than that in group B, and the group D and E were more obvious. The expression of ED-1 in group C, D, E were decreased significantly compared with group B. Emodin has protective effect on neurons after SCI. The mechanism may connect with activting Nrf2-ARE pathway, reducing the expression of NF-κB, ED-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and promoting the expression of GFAP and NG2.
ABSTRACT
In order to investigate the protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate on the sciatic nerve activty in rats after cryopreservation as well as the nerve regeneration and functional recovery after allograft and its possible mechanism, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divded into four groups at different doses of tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate (A 0 mg·L⁻¹, B 80 mg·L⁻¹, C 160 mg·L⁻¹, D 480 mg·L⁻¹) cryopreserved at -80 °C for 24 weeks. Fresh control group nerve segments were harvested without cryopreservation. The ultrastructure and the viable cells of the nerve segments after cryopreservation were observed by electron microscopy, calcein-AM/propidium iodide staining, respectively. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot. After cryopreservation, the nerve segments were cultured in vitro for one week, the mRNA and protein level of NGF and GDNF were detected by PCR and Western blot respectively. In addition, the above four cryopreserved groups transplanted to the Wistar rats by allografting (A', B', C', D'). At 16-week postoperation, muscle compound action potential latency and nerve conduction velocity were examined by electrophysiological. The number and the thickness of myelinated nerve fibers were analyzed by toluidine blue staining. The ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve by electron microscopy was observed. According to the results, after the cryopreserved for 24 weeks, compared with groups A and B, the nerve demyelination and vacuolation were weak, and the more viable cells, the decreased Bax and increased Bcl-2, the increased NGF and GDNF in group C and D. At 16-week poseoperation, the results demonstrated that the more larger and thickly regenerated myelinated axons, the shorter latency of muscle compound action potentials and higher nerve conduction velocity in groups C' and D' compared with groups A' and B'. According to these results, tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate exerted a significant protective effect on the viability of the nerves during cryopreservation at -80 °C and promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery after transplantation especially in middle- and high-dose of tanshinone ⅡA sulfonate.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the effect of cold-inducible RNA binding protein(CIRP)on the viability of cryopreserved sciat-ic nerve and nerve regeneration after allograft. Methods Sciatic nerve segments of 15 mm from male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in DMEM solution and pretreat-ed with 4 ℃, 15 ℃ and 32 ℃ for 24 hours (group A, group B and group C, respectively). Fresh nerve group (group D)without pretreatment was set up.The mRNA and protein level of CIRP was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The above nerves were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for four weeks.The via-ble cells of the nerve segments after cryopreservation were observed by calcein-AM/propidium iodide staining. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blotting.After cryopreservation,the nerve segments were cultured in vitro for one week, the protein level of nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF)was detected by Western blotting.In addition,the above four cryopreserved groups were transplanted to the Wistar rats by allografting(groups A',B',C'and D').Fresh nerve allograft group(E')and isograft group(F')were set up.At four-week post operation,the expression of CD4of the nerve and plasma level of interleukin(IL)-6 and interferon(IFN)-γ were detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA,respectively.At 20-week postoperation, the muscle compound action potential (CMAP) and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) were examined by electrophysiological examination. The number and the thickness of myelinated nerve fibers were analyzed by toluidine blue staining. The ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve was observed by electron microscopy. Results The mRNA and protein of CIRP were significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B(P<0.05).After 4 weeks of cryopreservation,compared with groups A,B and D,the viable cells increased,the expression of Bax decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 increased in group C (P<0.05). The expression of NGF and GDNF in-creased in group C than in groups A and B(P<0.05).At four-week postoperation,the expression of CD4and plas-ma concentration of IL-6 and IFN-γ significantly decreased in group C'than in group E'(P<0.05),however,no significant difference was found in group C'compared with groups D'and F'(P>0.05).At 20-week postopera-tion, CMAP, MNCV, the number of axon, and thickness of myelin sheath were significantly better in group C' than in groups A',B',D'and E'(P<0.05).Compared with groups A',B',D'and E',the myelinated nerve fibers were more, the fiber thickness was more uniform, the fiber distribution was wider, and the myelin sheath was thicker in groups C'and F'. Conclusion CIRP was induced at 32℃in the sciatic nerve,which exerted a significant protective effect on the viability of the nerves during cryopreservation,and promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery after transplanta-tion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of emodin on spinal cord edema induced by acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and its mechanism. Methods A total of 180 healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group(group A),model group(group B),and low-dose group(group C),middle-dose group(group D)and high-dose group(group E)of emodin,with 36 cases in each group.The SCI model was established with the modified Allen's method.Function-al recovery was evaluated with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)score and inclined plate test three days,seven days,14 days and 28 days after modeling.Three days after modeling,the pathological changes of the spinal cord were observed by HE staining; the water content of spinal cord was detected by dry-wet weight method, the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)permeability was detected by Evans blue(EB)staining,and the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.Results The BBB score and inclined plate scores were better in groups C,D and E than in group B(P<0.05)seven days, 14 days and 28 days after modeling, especially in group E (P<0.05). Three days after modeling, HE staining showed that there was a large hemorrhage in the section of group B,the nerve cells were swollen and damaged, and a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated,the tissue gap was widened and the edema was severe. The above pathological changes were better in groups C,D and E than in group B,especially in group E.The spi-nal cord water content was higher in group B than in group A(P<0.05),and was lower in groups D and E than in groups B and C(P<0.05).EB content was higher in group B than in group A(P<0.05),and was lower in groups C, D and E than in group B (P<0.05). The expression of AQP-4, MMP-2 mRNA and protein were lower in groups C,D and E than in group B(P<0.05),especially in group E(P<0.05). Conclusion Emodin can alleviate spinal cord edema,and improve hind limb movement function after SCI,which could be related with the down-regulation of AQP-4 and MMP-2 expression,and the reduction of the permeability of BSCB.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of BuShenYangGuTang on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell line KM3. Methods The inhibitory effect of BuShenYangGuTang on cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8. BuShenYangGuTang induced KM3 cell cycle arrest was analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometry was also used to analyze the cell apoptosis after Annexin V-FITC staining. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. Results BuShenYangGuTang inhibited the KM3 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and NF-κB were decreased, the expression level of Bax was increased, and the cell cycle was arrested in G0 / G1 phase after treatment with BuShenYangGuTang. Conclusion BuShenYangGuTang could inhibit the proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce the apoptosis in KM3 cells, which may be related to the abnormal expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and NF-κB.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion targeted biopsy (TB) and systematic biopsy (SB) in the patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) in grey area.Methods The patients who received MRI/US fusion TB and SB in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between October 2015 and March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.Eligibility criteria included:tPSA ranged 4 to 10 ng/ml;prebiopsy MRI found at least 1 suspected lesion;no prostate-related treatment history;no prostate biopsy history.A total of 93 patients were invloved.The median age,tPSA and prostate volume were 66 (30-85) years,7.18 (4.11-9.95) ng/ml and 42.01 (14.93-119.15) ml,respectively.Prebiopsy MRI found 136 suspected lesions,with the median PI-RADS of 3 (3-5) and lesion size of 7 (3-20) mm.All patients underwent MRI/US fusion TB followed by SB.The comparison of two protocols in detecting any prostate cancer (PCa) as well as clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) were analyzed.Results Cancer detection rates for PCa in TB [34.40％ (32/93)] was not different with SB [36.55％ (34/93),P =0.759].There was no significant difference in the detection rate of CsPCa between TB and SB [20.43％ (19/93) vs.24.73％ (23/93),P=0.483].A total of 1 374 biopsy cores were sampled,among which 266 were TB cores and additional 1108 were SB cores.The positive rate of TB cores [24.81％ (66/266)] was significantly higher than SB cores [9.84％ (109/1 108),P ＜0.001].Conclusions In the patients with PSA in grey area,MRI/US fusion TB achieved similar cancer detection rate compared with SB using only few biopsy cores.Therefore,TB was appropriate for patients with MRI suspicions.Moreover,combination of TB with SB can achieve the highest cancer detection rate.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the reversing effect of icaritin on multidrug resistance of multiple myeloma cell lines KM3/BTZ and its underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>KM3/BTZ cells were established by a gradually ascending gradient induction of bortezomib (BTZ). The sensitivities of KM3 and KM3/BTZ cells to 7 chemotherapeutic drugs, the inhibition and reversal effects of icaritin on proliferation and drug-resistance of KM3/BTZ cells were analyzed by MTT. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Par-4, HSP27 and P-gp were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>KM3/BTZ cells were not only resistant to BTZ, but also to other 6 chemotherapeutic drugs. The resistance index (RI) to BTZ was 17.84, and higher than that of other chemotherapeutic drugs. Icaritin inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of KM3/BTZ cells. The ICvalue of BTZ decreased from 0.345 µg/ml to 0.149 µg/ml, and the reversal index was 2.38 (P<0.05). The expression of Par-4 protein increased in a concentration-dependent manner, while the expression of HSP27 and P-gp were down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Icaritin can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of KM3/BTZ cells, moreover, can effectively reverse the multidrug resistance of KM3/BTZ cells. The mechanism may be related with down-regulation of HSP27 and P-gp expression, and up-regulation of Par-4 expression.</p>
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to clarify preliminarily the effects and mechanisms of Shenkang injection (SKI) promoting extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation via regulating extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase(ERK)1/2/matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)signaling pathway in renal failure rats. Twenty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups：the Sham group,the Model group,the SKI group and the Enalapril maleate(EM)group. The model rats with renal failure were induced by intragastric administration of adenine and unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). After modeling, the rats in SKI group and EM group were intervened by intraperitoneal injection of SKI or intragastric administration of the EM suspension,while the rats in Sham group and Model group were administrated with distilled water respectively for 3 weeks. The 24 h urinary protein excretion(Upro)and urinary N-acety1-β-D-glucosaminidase(UNAG)in all rats were tested after drug administration. All rats were sacrificed after drug administration for 3 weeks,blood and kidney were collected,renal morphological characteristics were observed. Furthermore,serum biochemical indices and the protein expressions of collagen type IV(CIV),MMP-2,MMP-9,tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1,ERK1/2 and phosphorylated-ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)in the kidney were evaluated respectively. The results indicated that,after the intervention of SKI,serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),uric acid(UA),albumin(Alb),Upro,UNAG and renal morphological change in model rats were improved at different levels,respectively. Moreover,these actions were similar to EM. In addition to these,SKI adjusted the protein expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-1,and down-regulated the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2 in the kidney. Moreover,these actions were different from EM. In conclusion,SKI promotes ECM degradation and delays the progression of renal failure possibly through regulating ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation in the kidney and intervening MMPs/TIMP-1 expressions in vivo.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to demonstrate preliminarily the effects and mechanisms of uremic clearance granule (UCG) ameliorating renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) by regulating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/SnoN/Smads signaling pathway in vivo. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups：the normal group,the model group and the UCG group. The rats with renal failure were induced by intragastric administration of adenine and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). After modeling,the rats in the UCG group and in the other groups were intervened by intragastric administration of UCG and distilled water respectively during 3 weeks. The body weight and 24 h urinary protein excretion (Upro) in all rats were tested after drug administration. All rats were killed after drug administration for 3 weeks,blood and kidneys were collected and weighted,kidney appearance and renal morphological characteristics were observed. In addition,serum biochemical indices and the protein expressions of TGF-β1,SnoN,phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad7 in the kidney were evaluated respectively. The results indicated that,after the intervention of UCG,the general state of health,kidney appearance,serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),uric acid (UA),albumin (Alb),Upro and renal morphological change in model rats were improved in different degrees,respectively. Moreover,UCG down-regulated the protein expressions of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3,and up-regulated the protein expressions of SnoN and Smad7 in the kidney. In conclusion,UCG reduces extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and delays the progression of renal failure via possibly multi-targeting at regulating TGF-β1/SnoN/Smads signaling pathway in vivo.